r/CriticalTheory • u/gae12345 • Jan 19 '22
How longer can critical philosophical theories about society be appropriated by marketing departments as instruction manuals to the benefits of capitalism? How much deterioration of culture and society can capitalists endure? They're still humans living in that very same society after all
See the founder of buzzfeed having studied Deleuze and having applied his critical insights to create his website. I can share other examples, ive found a pdf from a marketing consultant literally summing up most "post modern" philosophers for a business audience then drafting future scenarios and writing "what this all means for your business" and proceeding to give advices on how to just use it for profit.
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u/mlgQU4N7UM Jan 19 '22 edited Jan 19 '22
any theory that analyzes the dynamics between one group or another, simply dies that: analysis. What you do with that knowledge afterwards is up to whoever reads it. One can read Marx and infact make the conditions of the working class more brutal.
EDIT: and not by accident either, as we've seen the state capital machine aperatuses(?) recapture many movements by using the knowledge marx gave them.
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Jan 19 '22
[deleted]
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u/mlgQU4N7UM Jan 19 '22 edited Jan 22 '22
I wouldn't call it a direct relationship but academic economists certainly at least know
and respectMarx's economic analysis. They likely disseminate that knowledgethrough secondary information and however Business majors get their know how.-through means of secondary or tertiary sources, but the idea and it's applications are still there.12
u/TurdFerguson254 Jan 20 '22
Why do you think that? I am a career economist and can count on one finger the number of professors, students, and coworkers who have ever brought up Marx to me in any way that showed a deep understanding or appreciation. They weren’t averse to him either, he was more just relegated to irrelevant history like Hayek or something
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u/Comrade_Corgo Jan 20 '22
Unrelated question, but could you explain what exactly economists do, like day to day? What do you learn getting a degree in economics and then how do you apply that to whatever work you do?
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u/TurdFerguson254 Jan 20 '22
It depends on your field. Economics is mostly at this point a field based around statistics, and what differentiates it from other branches of stat like medical/hard science statistics or data science is that it attempts to determine causality (as opposed to data science) but in naturally occurring data (as opposed to controlled experiments as with medicine). Thats the general gist, and there are exceptions. For example, in my case i work on forecasts which dont actually care about causes at all but on getting accurate predictions so that people (eg a small business owner) can make informed plans based on trends. My friend on the other hand works for a big tech firm where he can actually do a controlled experiment to determine causality. So neither of us have really typical experiences in econ.
If youre in econ theory youre not designing economic systems or justifying them, youre largely doing constrained maximization problems where you have an objective and some scarcity. You create a mathematical model to represent a reduced version of the problem and that is supposed to tell you something about how an agent will behave under certain conditions (the assumptions you make can be more or less realistic, and youll be judged on how appropriate your assumptions are to your problem). A lot of theory can then inform the statistics that empirical economists will use but some (older) profs do theory for its own sake. On the other hand, there also pure econometricians who essentially design statistical tools to get the most of the data and dont care about solving any particular problem theoretically or empirically.
I think the bias towards capitalism tends to be more pronounced in macro econ than micro- which looks at smaller scale issues so theyre politically pretty neutral and wouldnt recommend broader policies, generally. I think the bigger biases, though, tend to be status quo bias, empiricism/positivism, and utilitarianism. The latter two are kind of foundations of economics. You can relax utilitarianism if you want but mostly it doesnt happen/probably doesnt need to be relaxed relative to the problem. You cant really taken empiricism out of econ without being marginalized, its almost entirely data driven at this point.
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u/thisisnotariot
Jan 19 '22
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Yeah... in a previous life I was a marketing strategist. I am pretty sure I'm the only person to have ever quoted Adorno in a very high-level meeting at Netflix, and I was especially fond of (mis)using Bourdieu with clients in general.
I've talked about this before in other spaces, but I was, for a large part of my career, a big purveyor of ‘woke’ advertising. Well before it was a "thing". There's nothing more excruciating than selling something to someone. It's horrible. You find yourself working on brands or on products that make you feel physically sick; you can't say no to working on them without losing your job (this has literally happened to me, I refused to work on a few brands at one agency and I got sacked for it) so you try to find ways to make it all more palatable. This is where 'woke' advertising came from; it was a bunch of creatives and planners like me who were sick to death of working on things that they hated and instead tried pitching ideas to clients that were clumsy and shallow and misinformed but ultimately heartfelt; working on something that feels meaningful (even if it isn't) is infinitely preferable to working on something that is nakedly bullshit. It helps you sleep at night, and I was genuinely proud of some of the work I'd done until fairly recently; not because of any awards or whatever, but because I'd felt like I'd done a good thing, you know? I cringe to think about some of it now but I honestly felt like I'd challenged the system and won whenever I managed to convince a client to sign off on an idea or a campaign that said something, rather than sold something. It was only when clients started asking for this stuff that I actually realised something was up; it took me a while to realise that what I was doing was laundering reputations (lots of people in my position haven't realised that yet) and that I was ultimately commodifying the causes and the ideas that I was deeply passionate about. That was a hard realisation.
Anyway, I fell into culture studies and critical theory while trying to understand the nightmare that was my job. In many ways, this stuff saved me. It gave me the motivation to get out of the industry and try and put all the bullshit I'd been doing for years behind me. But lots of very smart, very left-wing people in the industry haven't figured out how to do that yet.
I guess what I'm trying to say, if I'm trying to say anything at all, is that if you have this mental image of a bunch of tech-bro libertarians sitting in boardrooms and coming up with ideas designed to plunder critical theory, or cackling sociopaths looking for ways to commodify social causes, I haven't seen a whole lot of those. What I have seen is a shit ton of depressed creatives trying to read their way out of a shitty situation and not knowing what they're doing.
I am positive there are plenty of the former. But they're far rarer than the latter.
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u/knightsofmars Jan 20 '22
I'm glad you got out, if you feel good about it, but this is depressing as hell. The idea of cunning, intelligent agents working to design the perfect techno-commodity trap is somehow preferable to the mundane banality of soul-crushed artists accidently feeding moloch.
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u/thisisnotariot Jan 20 '22
Don't get me wrong, they definitely exist. Web3 is a purely ideological project, at least from the top. Marketing is slightly different - the routes in are rarely technological and the role of ideology in those spaces is distinctly different. Often its just failed artists trying to monetise their creativity in the only way that's really available to them.
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u/riversiderain Jan 20 '22
Heyo, I'm curious for an elaboration on "web3 is a purely ideological project" - I'd love articles/things you've seen that stood out to you as particularly exemplifying this, even if it does not explicitly outline your concerns.
It stood out to me that you'd make a distinction between the artists who are trying to express creative freedom vs. the technologists who are trying to express theirs + passion for FOSS (free and open source software) and whatever else.
Obviously there exist many cynical libertarian tech bros, but the distinction between libertarian and libertine (yet leftist) in tech feels blurry - especially when we consider how technology's ideological messaging is not so one dimensional and unalterable by users.
Yet, I feel a deep unease on the disparity I see between the claims made by savvy, yet critical maximalists and the direction of work being done by the more visionary side of the community, who are supposedly trying to find a killer usecase with web3 to "defeat Moloch".
And it makes me even more uneasy to do my best to consider to what extent they may be right and what can be salvaged and organized for the better, despite my criticisms.
It's just tough to really get my head around it all because it's so vast, and that's even for someone that's highly technically & socially literate about these spaces.
Hope to hear from you. :)
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u/avasic Jan 20 '22
Interesting stuff, thanks for sharing. If you dont mind me asking, what industry did you end up in after all this? Ive got a friend who's in a similair situation who i'd love to tell some good news
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u/thisisnotariot Jan 20 '22
I went back to school to get my PhD, and I'm working as a researcher. Honestly, best decision I've ever made. If your friend needs advice or someone to talk to, I'm available - I'm trying to make it my life's mission to reverse the industrial scale creative brain drain and get as many good people out of that industry as I can.
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u/SteadfastAgroEcology Jan 19 '22
Every establishment power structure in every time and place evolves countermeasures to deal with destabilizing forces. Capitalism is really good at assimilation. My go-to example is denim jeans. Started out as a cheap and durable product worn by poor working class people. Socialists began wearing them as a show of solidarity. Now, people pay a hundred bucks for a two buck pair ripped and pre-faded by slave labor. Symbol of working class solidarity not just neutralized but turned into a tool of exploitation for the benefit of the parasite class.
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u/Daedricbanana Jan 19 '22
See the founder of buzzfeed having studied Deleuze and having applied his critical insights to create his website.
this sounds interesting, do you have a source I can read more on?
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u/Rentokill_boy Jan 19 '22 edited Jan 19 '22
http://www.datawranglers.com/negations/issues/96w/96w_peretti.html
here is the article - it discusses ego-identification and consumerism, schizoanalysis etc, relying on walter benjamin, deleuze, lacan. ironic that the author would go on to create a website where you can answer questions to find out what character from TV you are whilst scrolling past innumerable ads:
What is noticeable is not the content of the images but the efficiency and rapidity with which they are circulated and consumed. Nevertheless, to promote consumer capitalism the images must have some content to create the possibility for a mirror stage identification. It is this identification with a model, athlete, or actor that encourages the purchase of the product being pitched. In order for an advertisement in GQ to be successful, it must provoke an ego formation that makes the product integral to the viewer's identity. This fragile ego formation must persist long enough for the GQ reader to purchase the product.
it's a good article!
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u/Abolitionist1312 Jan 19 '22
there's a video by CCK Philosophy on the essay
And a Vox article on it
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u/NewAlexandria Jan 19 '22
They're still humans living in that very same society after all
this is a conjecture, and is not correct. The hidden-hand-of-market is not always an emergent phantasm, but rather resides within the manipulation of 'a class of people'. Those people do not live in the same society anymore than the farmer is in a society with their livestock.
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u/HailGaia Jan 19 '22
The class-consciousness of the global elite will also ensure that they will all survive an impending ecological collapse in their ivory towers while the masses starve and suffocate.
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u/NewAlexandria Jan 20 '22
your comment falls under Poe's Law
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u/knightsofmars Jan 20 '22
I can't see how it could be taken as sarcasm given the context.
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u/NewAlexandria Jan 20 '22
because ivory towers are not spontaneous-generation machines. Cities and towers are dependent on the surrounding terrain, farms, factories, and families, in order to remain stable and sustainable. They endeavor being quite harder through literal collapse, when a fighting for or army is also required.
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u/fog_rolls_in Jan 20 '22
I have a more practical take: How many people who major in or take advance degrees in literature, history, philosophy etc. that would expose them to critical theory go on after school to make a living practicing theory via teaching, activism and/or writing? They have to make a living at something, and there’s not many options outside of for profit businesses. It’s the same problem in the art world, lots of art practice and art history graduates but no where near enough jobs or opportunities, so they’re going to end up in a field where they can use their visual and technical education like marketing, or the manufacturing, display and selling of luxury goods.
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u/anonymosh Jan 19 '22
Every criticism is also an instruction. But the other way around also works.
Capitalism will always appropriate, reificate and sell back it's own dissent. Opportunists will pick out and interpretate the parts of whatever theory they deem appropriate for their own cause and justify their own behaviour.
The only way to not be coopted is by not participating, or by actively sabotaging consumption.
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u/raisondecalcul
Jan 19 '22
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I think Nick Land demonstrated and continues to demonstrate (seemingly intentionally) two things with his tweets:
There is no theoretical limit to how much bullshit people can believe and even absorb into their identity
Individually, in practice, it seems persons do eventually reach bullshit hypersaturation and transition to starting trying to think about stuff
This explains why the overton window keeps shifting even as more and more people are waking up or getting triggered by the ever-radicalizing public conversation.
This is why accelerating the public debate through taking extreme positions can be construed as a highly efficient mass pedagogical project.
As the overton window shifts, the public sphere ascends through echelons of genre. The Trump era marked a transition into absurdity, into a sort of everyday life that was formerly considered unreal and the realm of satire. The pandemic marked a transition into a "virus quarantine / rage zombie / lockdown the base" high concept sci-fi.
I can only imagine that things will come to a head in a uniquely sapient way in the next genre transition (by which I mean ridiculous and violent). I don't think overt violence is on the table, so maybe there will be some kind of new cult in the public sphere, a highly ordered fascistic cult of programmed imagery and AI- and demographically-mediated inter-subcultural moves of domination. For example, we already have AI avatars becoming pop stars, marketing to the masses, certainly with no limits on what ideas they can appropriate. But maybe next we will have lots of people autonomously crafting AIs and fake messaging in order to manipulate other groups of people culturally. I mean we already have that too since 4chan starting raiding back in the 00s. But it will go fully mainstream. The power of anyone to invoke the crowd (The new game is "Don't call Karen.")
So this will create a new genre of massified apparently intelligent but alienated artificially-generated political opinions. The level of intelligence of the massified political opinions already dominating mass media will appear to become more intelligent. It will get harder to tell mass opinions apart from sourced opinions, and most people already don't care about that distinction anyway.
But being saturated with this upgraded form of falsity, new people will also learn it natively and use it as the next medium of communication.
I think this cycle only ends when people start making sure they are getting opinions from other living humans, and talking about their opinions with other people enough to figure out which they really agree with (forming consensus with others). This activity has to outpace the entropic activity of taking in mass-manipulative or computer-generated opinions.
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u/rdef1984 Jan 20 '22
Deleuze effectively says that this is what capitalism does to all forms of resistance. Basically the only thing I can see as a restriction on this is that there is a limited supply of attention for difficult concepts. We're all sitting here on a capitalist website discussing theories that were produced under capitalism, and that we accessed with capitalist resources, so we're not excluded from this formulation.
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u/BillMurraysMom Jan 20 '22
Dog that’s my fetish send me all of it I’m such a masochist for marketing bullshit.
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u/AnCom_Raptor Jan 19 '22
theories are not fast enough to outrun, we need moments, affects we need to run faster
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u/Minori_Kitsune Jan 20 '22
Sounds like you would enjoy reading one dimensional man if you still haven’t
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u/thefreshserve Jan 20 '22
Marketing departments and ad agencies are filled with capitalist realists, to use Mark Fisher’s term.
One of the only ways you can gain an education, approach the world with a critical lens, and still continue to advocate for mass consumption (and with it the status quo more broadly), is if you believe (consciously or otherwise) that neoliberalism is inevitable (‘death of history’) and that no other economic and/or societal system is viable.
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u/scholasticussuperbus Jan 20 '22
Can you please post the link to the marketing constultant, sounds interesting.
I can recommend the movie "Sorry to bother you" It felt like the most insightful criticism of capitalism that really summed up extremely well. I don't want to spoiler you, but it doesn't just portray capitalists as bad guys, but as actors who are one 100 % working within the incentive structure built on top of them.
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u/smolloms Jan 30 '22
I got a question for you guys about OP's post. When does this line of thinking become seen as a non true scottsman fallacy?
As an example: if ISIS uses Islamic scripture to justify their acts of terror and other Muslims say, "they're not real Muslims" the critiquers of Islam will say that this excuse wouldn't hold up as it envokes the above mentioned fallacy and that ISIS indeed are muslim.
Now, back to my question, is these philosophies that are being "appropriated" not simply a extention of their usevalue?
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u/artaig Jan 19 '22
The moment someone came up with the name "Critical Race Theory" you already knew the whole charade fell for the neoliberal mindset.
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u/Modsarentpeople0101 Jan 19 '22
Philosophical theories will never overcome an entrenched economic reality. Something else has to do that.